The Scarlet Letter: An In Depth View of an Opinionated Reader?s Opinion :: essays research papers

The scarlet letter began as one womans punish custodyt and later spread to severalpeoples ruin. The scarlet letter set off a course of events one right after another thatbrought nothing but heartache, death, and suffering. The wearer of the scarlet letter, Hester Prynne, loved a man, Arthur Dimmesdale. The love between these two people resulted in a tale that will forever be considered a classic in American litatutre. The parole is an in depth view of the consequences of secret loves and ultimate sins. The scarlet letter began as a lesson, but after its deeds were done served as a legend.Throughout my reading of The Scarlet Letter I grant developed a few opinions. One of those opinions is that this entire ordeal could have been avoided with the use of reciprocalplace sense. If Hester and Dimmesdale had stopped and thought it out carefully there would not be a baby in the equation. If there was no child, than Hester and Dimmesdale could have loved distributively other in secret, and maybe then their plan to run away might have been successful. Now, Hester may have been successful in her lack of common sense, but she wore the letter A proudly, as is shown in the following quotation from the novel ... The point which drew all eyes and, as it were, transfigured the wearer-so that both men and women, who had been familiarly aquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impressed as if they beheld her for the first time--was the Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary traffic with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself (61). I believe that although it caused her much pain and suffering it could also be a particular of her love for Dimmesdale. She wears the letter as a consequence from loving Dimmesdale. She might have made the letter so lovely as to vibrate lordly feelings from it, however, which may or may not have been a good thing.See, if Hester had just a ccepted her sin and not boasted about as if the letter had no effect on her, or as if she hadnt done anything wrong, she may have been more accepted by the people of the town. She might even have saved herself from unnecessary pain and suffering, whether or not she really believed the act she pulled for the town.

18th century :: essays research papers

The Eighteenth CenturyDuring the 18th century, Louis XV became the King of France at age 5. A new style, Rococo, was introduced which created a more tenuous and delicate appearance with an asymmetrical balance. Also, during this period of time France was involved in many wars which caused the country to go into debt. Louis XV died in 1774 who was kn knowledge to be the or so hated king. His grandson, Louis XVI became king. At the age of 14, he married an Austrian princess, Marie Antoinette, who did not like the customs and etiquette of the French court. Due to the success of the American Revolution, which France assist in the financing of, Frenchmen were encouraged to reform the government and society. In 1789, the French government went bankrupt resulting in the writing of the constitution. The center of France became Paris. Louis XV, at the age of 13, returned to Versailles and the castle was once again the center of royal life. It became not as important during the reign of L ouis XVI, because of Queen Marie Antoinette and her dislike of the French etiquette. She was extravagant in her spending when France was having financial difficulty. Marie and her friend created a fashion for peasant-style dresses and hats. Her lifestyle was a cause in the decline of support for the monarchy. For England, the center of fashion was London, save small towns and country estates had their own social class structure and had an interest in fashion. Fashionable clothing was divided based on the time of day. Mens garments were divided by undress or lounging clothes, dress was daytime or evening wear, and full dress was the most formal evening dress. Nightgown was not for sleeping but a dressing gown or informal robe that was worn indoors. A powdering jacket was worn when the men had their wigs powdered. Womens clothing was divided as undress, half dress or morning dress. Habit was a riding costume or a tailor-made costume. Her coat was not for outdoors, but was the petti coat. Her coat was called a greatcoat.The Flying Shuttle was invented in 1733, which increased the production of clothing. Cotton became less expensive. Textiles that had elaborate and sophisticated patterns were manufactured in Europe. The 18th century influenced manly tailors to make mens suits and coasts and women make dresses for women.The 18th century styles reflected the increased trade between Europe and the Far East.

The Difficulty of Teaching English :: Teaching Education

The Difficulty of Teaching EnglishI decided to become a teacher because I thought that I could do it get out then my teachers did. I quickly wise to(p) that teaching isnt as easy as I thought it would be. Dr. Proser quickly learned that teaching English would be as easy as he thought it may have been. He may be a better teacher then his were, many CHS students would agree, but also found out that why it was so hard to teach English. There argon many reasons why teaching English is difficult. First and major reason is the constant changing, and new ledgers that argon be brought into the language. While many of these words that are being are classified as slang, these words may become more and more common. In addition, many of the forms of languages that were used in the writing that students read are no longer used. Also, the change in styles of writing which have occurred make it hard for any student to completely understand what each writer is essay to say.Thousands of new word s are brought into the English language each year. Just a few examples are dude, chic, cool, homes, and vasiform. Dude was brought into by many of the hippies of the lxs. Dude has many means, a person who someone is referring to can be taken into contexts as awesome. When many people refer to a chic, they are no longer talking about a baby chicken, but a female who is found somewhat attractive. This word also becomes very popular during the sixties. Homes and tubular is probably the most recent of slang words. Homes is mostly used by gang-bangers and blacks of the southern area. When people say homes they are referring to one of their male friends. Not clean a friend, but a male friend who would fight for the person. Tubular is just a new word for awesome or cool. It means in truth sweet (high quality of awesome) or awesome. In addition, words are used with a different context then before. Many new words are created this in America. The words sweet and fine have taken some of th e largest changes in context of words. Sweet no longer means have a sugar taste or pleasing to the senses. If one was to ask a teenage what sweet meant to them, they would probably tell really nice or awesome. The word fine has also completely change in context.

Vet Essay -- essays research papers fc

VeterinariansThe topic I chose was veterinarians. What is avet (short for veterinarian)? Vets are animal doctorssays Dee Ready. They care for sick animals. Just as stack visit the doctor when they are sick, animals needhelp of doctors too says Betsy Imershein.What do veterinarians do? The vet may operate,fix a broken bone or give an animal a shot. Whatever iswrong with an animal is what the vet has to do.There are different kinds of vets. Some care forpets. This includes dogs, cats, birds and things of thatnature. Others care for farm animals. This includes cows,pigs, goats, sheep, horses or other things you would find ona farm. The large animal vet makes ho employ calls says RodBellville and Cheryl Walt Bellville and they also said thatlarge animals vets frequently vaccinate niggling animalsduring a farm visit. Other vets work at the zoo and theynever know what they have to work on, like lions, tigers andmonkeys.What do veterinarians wear? When they are in alab, they wear lab coats . When they are on a farm, theywear coveralls and tall rubber boots, according to whatenvironment they are in decides.What tools do veterinarians use? They use thesame type as human doctors but made for animals like astethoscope and syringes.&nbs...

The Contributions of Blacks to the Arts :: essays papers

The Contributions of Blacks to the ArtsThe Contibutions of Black Americans to the Arts Without a continuous bond uniting men, without a continuous current of shared thought, there could be no living worthy of being called human. Richard Wright spoke these words in his autobiography Black Boy. He, as well as many other black Americans grow displayed exmplemtory talent in the arts. As a matter of fact, blacks have contributed their talents to the arts, for many years, especially in the areas of painting, literature, and music.Many sight are unaware of the donations black people have made to the art of painting. Painters such as Benny Andrews and Jacob Lawerence have expressed the pain and joys share through their paintings. Jacob Lawerence, whose styles range from expressionism to cubism, is famous for the painting mebibyte Performance. The painting show blacks coming together in the performing arts. On the other hand, Benny Andrews is an artist that conveys his meaning throug h allegory. He is, however, known for his contribution to the Black Emergency Cultural Coalition. He was one of the firsts to start this organization which protested against the underepresentation of black art.Another art that blacks influenced is literature. For example, Richard Wright was one of the first writers to address and protest against the racism problem in America. In his book, Native Son, he shows how a black boy is driven to kill a white woman. He also wrote essays for a book written by former communists who were displeased with the party. Most of his works show the struggles of black Americans. Likewise, novelist Toni Morrison writes about the struggles of black females. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature and in the recent 1980s, she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for her book Beloved. This book shows the effects of slavery on a former slave after the war. Morrison is not the only woman to receive awards for work. Maya Angelou give many awards, including Grammys in 1994 and 1996. She received the one for the recording of her poem On the Pulse of Morning recited at President Clintons inauguration and one for phenomenal Woman. She along with many others has shown explemary talent in literature.Beginning as early as slavery, blacks have impacted music dearly. Jazz, a form of music stemming from gospel, is a form of expression. One famous jazz musician was the trumpet player Miles Davis.

The Contributions of Blacks to the Arts :: essays papers

The Contributions of Blacks to the ArtsThe Contibutions of Black Americans to the Arts Without a endless bond uniting men, without a continuous current of apportiond thought, there could be no living worthy of being called human. Richard Wright spoke these words in his autobiography Black Boy. He, as sound as many other black Americans have displayed exmplemtory talent in the artistic creations. As a matter of fact, blacks have contributed their talents to the arts, for many years, especially in the areas of painting, literature, and music. umteen people are unaware of the contributions black people have made to the art of painting. Painters such as Benny Andrews and Jacob Lawerence have expressed the pain and joys share through their paintings. Jacob Lawerence, whose styles range from expressionism to cubism, is famous for the painting Grand Performance. The painting show blacks coming together in the performing arts. On the other hand, Benny Andrews is an artificer that c onveys his meaning through allegory. He is, however, known for his contribution to the Black Emergency Cultural Coalition. He was one of the firsts to start this organization which protested against the underepresentation of black art.Another art that blacks influenced is literature. For example, Richard Wright was one of the first writers to address and protest against the racism problem in America. In his book, Native Son, he shows how a black boy is driven to pour down a white woman. He also wrote essays for a book written by former communists who were displeased with the party. Most of his works show the struggles of black Americans. Likewise, novelist Toni Morrison writes close the struggles of black females. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature and in the late 1980s, she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for her book Beloved. This book shows the effects of slavery on a former slave afterward the war. Morrison is not the only woman to receive awards for work. Maya Ang elou given many awards, including Grammys in 1994 and 1996. She received the one for the recording of her poem On the Pulse of Morning recited at President Clintons inauguration and one for Phenomenal Woman. She along with many others has shown explemary talent in literature.Beginning as early as slavery, blacks have force music dearly. Jazz, a form of music stemming from gospel, is a form of expression. One famous jazz musician was the trumpet player Miles Davis.

Answer pastpaper

Answer all the questions. Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place in the case of angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question. Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity is needed, use 10 m s-2. The use of an electronic calculator is expected, where appropriate. You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The human action of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part question.The total number of marks for this paper is 50. Questions carrying smaller numbers of marks are printed earlier in the paper, and questions carrying larger numbers of marks later in the paper. This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page. UCLES 2011 Turn over 2 A car of clutch 700 kg is travelling along a straight horizontal road. The resistance to motion is constant and equal t o 600 N. (i) Find the whimsical force of the cars engine at an instant when the acceleration is 2 m s-2. Given that the cars speed at this instant is 15 m s-l , cars engine is working. recoup the rate at which theA load of mass 1250 kg is raised by a crane from rest on horizontal ground, to rest at a height of 1. 54 m above the ground. The work done against the resistance to motion is 5750 J. (i) Find the work done by the crane. (it) Assuming the power outturn of the crane is constant and equal to 1. 25 kW, find the time taken to raise the load. 3 q 15. 5 N A small smooth prognosticate R of weight 8. 5 N is threaded on a light inextensible string. The ends of the string are attached to fixed plosive consonants A and B, with A vertically above B. A horizontal force of magnitude 15. 5 N acts on R so that the ring is in equilibrium with ngle arbitrager = 900 .The part AR of the string makes an angle B with the horizontal and the part BR makes an angle B with the vertical (see diag ram). The tension in the string is T N. Show that T sin 12 and T cos B = 3. 5 and hence find B . 6 4 A discontinue of mass 11 kg is at rest on a rough plane inclined at 300 to the horizontal. A force acts on the block in a direction up the plane parallel to a line of greatest slope. When the magnitude of the force is 2X N the block is on the point of sliding down the plane, and when the magnitude of the force is 9X N the block is on the point of liding up the plane.

Good Governance Essay

Good Governance has 8 major characteristics. It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transp argonnt, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of law. It as reliables that corruption is minimized, the views of minorities are taken into account and that the voices of the most undefended in cabaret are heard in decision-making. It is also responsive to the present and future needs of society. precisely there is one characteristic I like most, it is the Accountability. Accountability is a key requirement of good governance. Not only governmental institutions but also the private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to the public and to their institutional stakeholders. Who is accountable to who varies depending on whether decisions or actions taken are internal or external to an organization or institution. In general an organization or an institution is accountable to those who will be affected by its decis ions or actions.Accountability cannot be enforced without transparence and the rule of law. Maybe some of you will ask why is accountability important to Governance? It is because it evaluates the ongoing effectiveness of public officials or public bodies ensures that they are performing to their full potential, providing value for money in the provision of public services, instilling confidence in the government and being responsive to the community they are meant to be serving. Being accountable is also being liable, responsible for every person that affects your decision. For example, me as a Student leader we are here to perform students, to fight for their rights. Therefore, we must consider first the sake of the students before we make a decision. Because when we took our positions there is a corresponding responsibility that we must face. Reproductive wellness Bill inform exclusivelyy kn induce as the RH Bill, are proposed laws in the Republic of the Philippines aiming to gu arantee universal access to methods of contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care.For sure you are wondering why this issue is in this essay, well I believe this issue is related on being accountable. Why? Did government up to now consider that our country is well known to be a religious country? That, in every time they use those contraceptives they are actually kill an innocent life? They always say that this is the only way to surpass, lessen poverty. But its actually wrong, do they consider the effect of this or should I say to they consider themselves accountable/liable for this? Corruption is definitely one of the problems seen by the citizen and the government as well. There have been lots of controversies relative to government officials being involved with money issues. The thing is that even though there are hearings and investigations, the truth never seems to come outwhether its positive or negative news. Poverty and employment would also be among the problems. There are more people that are going hungry. Government and Us are all accountable to it.Why? We as a citizen we can make a living among ourselves because at the end of the day we are still the driver of our own life. But, as a citizen we voted those who are on the position now because we believe that they will minimize our burdens. At the point that we elect them they are already accountable. But after they got what they want all their promises turn to trash. They do things without even considering us. In the end, nothings happen. Accountability or being accountable can be achieved by pose and doing all our jobs in our hearts. Yes, its hard but we chose to be in this place all we need to do is face it effectively and do the outdo we can for the better. Dont be scared to commit mistakes because those are our experiences and lesson learned. Remember, think first before you make a decision.

Overeating Essay

Coming out from my closed where I live, I saw a capacious handsome teenage man of his late twenties staggering, truly dirty and looking haggard. Yes I guessed he must allow smoked some quantities of marijuana herb or something else that made him look mad. Little did I know that the young man was and so over fed with alcohol, no wonder he muttered when I passed him to buy some loaves of bread and I remembered he did smelled profusely. Such was my encounter with Chike-the over fed alcoholic man.It was non by mistake that Chika was born(p) into the humble home of Late Mr. Okoko Ibe in Lagos Nigeria. He was born healthy and hearty up to his late twenties before he joined a group of gangsters who feed themselves with doses of alcohol and cause troubles within the neighborhoods. They realize a common character of not saying no to drinks be it alcohol or the like each time it is offered to them. This habit was alleged to have resulted to Chikes sudden madness.On Sunday the 25th of M arch 2007 Chike on his madness regalia set out to look for where he could beg for whisky and gin in a nearby market. I drew close to a shop keeper where I wanted to shop for breakfast bread, it was indeed a big purview as I look but saw that there were deuce young men fighting and exchanging foul actors line to iodine another. Though no one could actually say what really was between them but something tells me it is not well with both men.There seems to be release of agreement over who takes larger part of what money they are to share. Gradually crowds began to drew attention and all concentration was at the point of scene and not even the noise of a flying helicopter could deter one from trying to hear nor vehicles passing could block ones view from capturing what comes next as these two men kept on dragging with gradually increase in their voices. Give me $1000 or else I tell the policeSaid one of them who looked mean and more able bodied. Just as this argument was lingering and crowd gradually coming closer to the scene, I saw Chike rushed the young men in the face of the tick crowd and snatched the money tithed in a nylon bag and zoomed off abandoned his place of abode, sandals and his dirty waveper wrap of clothes. Nobody could actually say which direction he took to and what really motivated him to act in that manner.It was indeed amazed and amused. People were perplexed to explain what the order of Chikes health had turned to. Initially I thought this was unconnected with his state of madness. At a distance Chike was seen trying to cross a huge long trailer carry cement products, as he did not want anyone to catch him ,he was knocked down and was crushed to death. Many People who witness this scene went home crying for the poor popular mad man.

French Revolution, Cause and Effect 1789

The pivotal event of European accounting in the eighteenth century was the French transition. From its eructation in 1789, the Revolution touched and transformed social values and political systems in France, in Europe, and eventually throughout the world. Frances revolutionary regime conquered much of horse opera Europe with its arms and with its ideology. But non without considerable opposition at home and abroad. Its ideals defined the essential aspirations of modern with child(p) society, while its bloody conflicts represent the brutal dilemma of means versus ends.The revolutionaries advocated individual liberty, rejecting all forms of discretionary constraint monopolies on commerce, feudal charges laid upon the land, vestiges of servitude such as serfdom, and even (in 1794) black thralldom everywhereseas. They held that political legitimacy required constitutional government, elections, and legislative supremacy. They demanded civil equality for all, denying the claims of privileged groups, localities, or religions to special treatment and requiring the equality of all citizens before the law.A final revolutionary goal was expressed by the concept of fraternity, which meant that all citizens regardless of social class, region, or religion shared a common doom in society, and that the well-being of the nation sometimes superseded the interests of individuals. The resounding slogan of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity expressed social ideals to which most contemporary citizens of the Western world would still subscribe. I. OriginsThose who make the Revolution believed they were rising against tyrannical government, in which the people had no voice, and against inequality in the way obligations such as tax revenuees were imposed and benefits distributed. Yet the government of France at that time was no more tyrannical or unjust than it had been in the past. On the contrary, a gradual process of reform had long been underway. What, then, set bump off the revolutionary upheaval? What had changed? An easy answer would be to point to the incompetence of King Louis XVI 1774-1792) and his queen, Marie Antoinette. Good-natured but weak and indecisive, Louis was a man of particular(a) intelligence who lacked self- pledge. Worse yet, his young queen, a Hapsburg princess, was frivolous, meddlesome, and tactless. But even the most capable ruler could not have escaped challenge and crisis in the slow eighteenth century. The roots of that crisis, not its mismanagement, claim the principal interest of historians. The philosophes In eighteenth-century France, as we have seen, intellectual ferment preceded political revolt.For decades the philosophes had bombarded traditional beliefs, institutions, and prejudices with devastating salvos. They undermined the confidence that traditional ways were the best ways. Yet the philosophes were anything but revolutionaries. Nor did they question the fact that elites should rule society, but wished only that the elites should be more enlightened and more open. Indeed, the reasonableness had become respectable by the 1780s, a kind of intellectual establishment. Diderots Encyclopedia, banned in the 1750s, was reprinted in a less expensive format with government approval in the 1770s.Most of Frances 30 provincial academies_learned societies of educated citizens in the larger towns had by that time been won over to the critical spirit and reformism of the Enlightenment, though not to its sometimes extreme secularism. Among the younger generation, the great cultural hero was Rousseau (see picture), whose Confessions (published posthumously in 1781) caused a sensation. Here Rousseau attacked the hypocrisy, conformity, cynicism, and corruption of high societys salons and aristocratic ways.Though he had not exemplified this in his personal life, Rousseau came across in his novels and autobiography as the apostle of a simple, wholesome family life of conscience, purity, and virtue. As suc h, he was the great inspiration to the next generation of revolutionaries, but the word revolution never flowed from his pen. Underground belles-lettres More subversive perhaps than the writings of the high enlightenment was the underground literature that commanded a wide audience in France. The onarchys censorship tried vainly to stop these bad books, which poured in across the border through networks of clandestine publishers, smugglers, and distributors. What was this dress that the reading public eagerly devoured? Alongside a few banned works by the philosophes, there was a mass of gossip sheets, pulp novels, libels, and pornography under such titles as Scandalous Chronicles and The Private Life of Louis XV. Much of this material focused on the supposed goings-on in the fashionable world of genus Paris and Versailles. Emphasizing scandal and character assassination, this literature had no specific political content or ideology.But indirectly, it portrayed the French aristoc racy as indulgent and the French monarchy as a ridiculous despotism. II. Fiscal Crisis When he took the throne in 1774, Louis XVI tried to conciliate elite opinion by recalling the Parlements or sovereign law courts that his father had abolished in 1770. This concession to Frances traditional un written constitution keep goingfired, however, since the Parlements resumed their defense of privilege in opposition to reforms proposed by Jacques Turgot, Louis, new restraint general of finances.Turgot, a disciple of the philosophes and an experienced administrator, hoped to encourage economic growth by the policy of nonintervention or laissez-faire. When agitation against him mounted at Versailles and in the Paris Parlement, Louis took the easy way out and dismissed his troublesome minister. The king then turned to a Protestant banker from Geneva with a reputation for monetary wizardry, Jacques Necker. A shrewd man with a strong sense of public relations, Necker gained wide popularity .To finance the heavy costs of Frances aid to the rebellious British colonies in North America, Necker avoided new taxes and instead floated a series of large loans at exorbitant interest rates as high as 10 percent. myopic of a complete overhaul of the tax system, little improvement in magnificent revenues could be expected, and the public would bitterly resist any additional tax burdens that the monarchy only if imposed. Facing bankruptcy and unable to float any new loans in this atmosphere, the king recalled the Parlements, reappointed Necker, after tarying several(prenominal) other ministers, and agreed to convene the the three estatess prevalent in May 1789.III. Estates General to National Assembly The calling of the Estates General created extraordinary excitement across the land. When the king invited his subjects to express their opinions about this great event, hundreds did so in the form of pamphlets, and here the liberal or patriot ideology of 1789 first began to tak e shape. The ternary Estate While the king accorded the Third Estate twice as many delegates as the two higher orders, he refused to promise that the delegates would vote together (by head) rather than bustly in three chambers (by order).A vote by order meant that the two upper chambers would outweigh the Third Estate no matter how many deputies it had. It did not matter that the nobility had led the fight against absolutism. Even if they endorsed new, constitutional checks on absolutism and accepted equality in the parcelling of taxes, nobles would hold vastly disproportionate powers if the Estates General voted by order. In the most influential of these pamphlets, Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Sieye posed the question, What is the Third Estate? and answered flatly, Everything. The enemy was no longer simply absolutism but privilege as well.Unlike reformers in England, or the Belgian rebels against Joseph II, or even the American revolutionaries of 1776, the French patriots did not loo k back to historical traditions of liberty that had been violated. Rather they contemplated a complete break with a discredited past. As a basis for reform, they would substitute reason for tradition. Cahiers For the moment, however, the patriots were furthest in advance of opinion at the grass roots. The king had invited citizens across the land to meet in their parishes to elect delegates to district electoral assemblies, and to draft grievance petitions (cahiers) telescope forth their views.Highly traditional in tone, the great majority of rural cahiers complained only of particular local ills and expressed confidence that the king would redress them. only if a few cahiers from Iarger cities, including Paris, alluded to the concepts of natural rights or popular sovereignty that were appearing in patriot pamphlets. Very few demanded that France must have a written constitution, that sovereignty belonged to the nation, or that feudalism and regional privileges should be abolishe d. Elections Virtually every adult male taxpayer was eligible to vote for electors, who, in turn, chose deputies for the Third Estate.The electoral assemblies were a kind of political seminar, where articulate local leaders emerged to be sent by their fellow citizens as deputies to Versailles. These deputies were a remarkable collection of men, though scantily representative of the mass of the Third Estate. Dominated by lawyers and officials, there was not a single worker or peasant among them. In the elections for the First Estate, meanwhile, antiauthoritarian procedures assured that parish priests rather than Church notables would form a majority of the delegates.And in the elections to the Second Estate, about one third of the delegates could be described as liberal nobles or patriots. National Assembly Popular expectation that the monarchy would provide leadership in reform proved to be ill-founded. When the deputies met on May 5, Necker and Louis XVI spoke to them only in ge neralities, and left unsettled whether the estates would vote by order or by head. The upper two estates proceeded to organize their own chambers, but the deputies of the Third Estate balked.Inviting the others to join them, on June 17 the Third Estate took a decisive revolutionary step by proclaiming its conversion into a National Assembly. A few days later 150 clergymen from the First Estate joined them. The king, who finally decided to cast his lot with the nobility, locked the Third Estate out of its encounter hall until a session could be arranged in which he would state his will. But the deputies moved to an indoor tennis court, and there swore that they would not separate until they had given France a constitution. Ignoring this act of defiance, the king addressed the delegates of all three orders on June 23.He promised equality in taxation, civil liberties, and regular meetings of the Estates General at which, however, voting would be by order. France would be provided wit h a constitution, he pledged, but the ancient distinction of the three orders will be conserved in its entirety. He then ordered the three orders to retire to their individual meeting halls. This, the Third Estate refused. When the magnificent chamberlain repeated his monarchs demand, the deputies, spokesman dramatically responded The assembled nation cannot receive orders. Startled by the determination of the patriots, the king backed down. For the time being, he recognized the National Assembly and ordered deputies from all three estates to join it. Thus the French Revolution began as a nonviolent, legal Revolution. IV. The Convergence of Revolutions The political struggle at Versailles was not occurring in isolation. Simultaneously, the mass of French citizens, already aroused by elections to the Estates General, were mobilizing over subsistence issues.The winter and spring of 1788-1789 had brought severe economic difficulties, as crop failures and grain shortages almost double d the price of flour and bread on which the population depended for subsistence. inert vagrants and beggars filled the roads, grain convoys and marketplaces were stormed by angry consumers, and relations between town and country were strained. This anxiety merged with rage over the behavior of aristocrats in Versailles. Parisians believed that nutrition shortages and royal troops would be used to intimidate the people into submission.They feared an aristocratic plot against the Third Estate and the patriot cause. Bastille When the king dismissed the still-popular Necker on July 11, Parisians justly assumed that the counter-revolution was about to begin. Instead of submitting, they revolted. Protesting before royal troops (some of whom defected to the insurgents), burning the hated toll barriers that surrounded the capital, and seizing grain supplies, Parisian crowds then began a search for weapons. On the morning of July 14 they invaded the military hospital of the Invalides wher e they seized thousands of rifles without incident.Then they laid siege to the Bastille, an old fortress that had once been a major royal prison, where gunpowder was stored. There the small garrison did resist and a ferocious firefight erupted. Dozens of citizens were hit providing the first martyrs of the Revolution, but the garrison soon capitulated. As they left, several were massacred by the infuriated crowd. Meanwhile, patriot electors ousted royal officials of the Paris city government, replaced them with a revolutionary municipality, and organized a citizens militia or national guard to police the city.Similar municipal revolutions occurred in 26 of the 30 largest French cities, thus assuring that the capitals defiance would not be an isolated act. The Parisian insurrection of July 14 not only saved the National Assembly from annihilation but also altered the course of the Revolution by giving it a far more active, popular dimension. Again the king capitulated. Removing most of the troops around Paris, he traveled to the capital on July 17 and, to please the people, donned a cockade intent the colors of white for the monarchy and blue and red for the city of Paris.This tricolor was to become the flag of the new France. The majuscule Fear These events did not pacify the anxious and hungry people of the countryside, however. The sources of peasant dissatisfaction were many and long standing. Population growth and the parceling of holdings were reducing the margin of subsistence for many families, while the purchase of land by rich people townspeople exerted further pressure. Seigneurial dues and church tithes weighed heavily upon most peasants. Now, in addition, suspicions were rampant that nobles were hoarding grain in order to stymie the patriotic cause.In July peasants in several regions sacked the castles of the nobles and burned the documents that recorded their feudal obligations. This peasant insurgency eventually blended into a vast movement k nown as the Great Fear. Rumors abounded that the vagrants who swarmed through the countryside were actually brigands in the pay of nobles who were marching on villages to destroy the new harvest and cow the peasants into submission. The fear was baseless, but it stirred up evil and suspicion of the nobles, prompted a mass recourse to arms in the villages, and set off new attacks on chEteaus and feudal documents.Peasant revolts and the Great Fear showed that the royal government was confronting a truly nationwide and popular revolution. The night of August 4 Peasant insurgency worried the deputies of the National Assembly, but they decided to gruntle the peasants rather than simply denounce their violence. On the night of August 4, representatives of the nobility and clergy vied with one another in renouncing their ancient privileges. This set the stage for the Assembly to guild the abolition of feudalism as well as the tithe, venality of office, regional privilege, and social pri vilege.Rights of Man and Citizen By sweeping away the old web of privileges, the August quaternate decree permitted the Assembly to construct a new regime. Since it would take months to draft a constitution, the Assembly drew up a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen to advise the outline of its intentions. A rallying point for the future, the Declaration also stood as the death certificate of the old regime. It began with a ringing affirmation of equality custody are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common utility. The Declaration went on to proclaim the sovereignty of the nation as against the king or any other group, and the supreme authority of legitimate law. Most of its articles concerned liberty, defined as the ability to do whatever does not harm another . . . whose limits can only be determined by law they specified freedom from arbitrary arrest freedom of expression and of religion and the need for representative government. The Declarations concept of natural rights meant that the Revolution would be based on reason rather than history or tradition.

Law enforcement today Essay

Law enforcement officers have a very important role in society. They have a subscriber line that involves lots of decision making and using personal judgment.Law officers have many duties while at work. Law officers have to decide whether or not some genius is breaking the truth and how they will enforce the situation. Law officers are sometimes expected to be perfect. They have to catch all the dreadful guys and save all the innocent. Unfortunately it doesnt always work that way but officers try to do the best of their ability. All officers are different in that some are more strict and you cant draw a bead on away with as much, and others are very laid back and you are capable to get a way with more. I believe all officers should be strict when it comes to safety issues, and peoples health is at risk. I overly believe officers should try and teach you what is against the law before you are punished, like warnings should be issued when no one is in harms way. Some officers thi nk they are unfailing when they put on a badge, sometimes officers forget what theyre there for and go too far. There are many cases when people have been wrongly abused by officers for no reason.All people have rights, even when you have committed a crime. You are read your rights when you get arrested and no one can take those rights away from you. If an officer violates those rights, you will credibly win you case because of it. I think the laws and rules citizens have to follow are reasonable. To run a country successfully, you need to have laws that cover everything. People also need to educate themselves on what the laws are. In this country, you are innocent until proven guilty. Everyone also has a right to a trial before a jury when you have been accused of a crime. Each case obviously has its own circumstances, and thats why everyone gets a trial. I think the more serious the crime, the less space or freedom you have. Obviously there are different penalties for speeding a nd murder.They govern the crime should fit the punishment. I think the penalties in this country are very fair. I dont think to many people get off too easy or too harshly. I believe the punishment system is pretty accurate in this country. I think a lot of police work is just plain old confidence. Criminals are going to take the state police more seriously than the police in a little town in the middle of nowhere. Law enforcement officers have a bad reputation of being fat, out of make out, eating donuts, sitting at a desk and so on. Some officers you seeare definently out of shape but they might have great knowledge in the field of law enforcement. I think all officers who go on patrol should have to pass a physical test as well as a written test each year to be certified.Im not saying out of shape officers should be fired, but they shouldnt be on patrol. They could be put at a desk or do detective like work. I think officers should be in good shape and look intimidating towards criminals. I think that would cut crime rates down. Criminals would be less apt to rob a bank if they knew a young, in shape, fast cop was chasing them rather than if a three hundred pound, forty six year old cop was. All these things I just mentioned would probably help reduce crime, but they are just opinions. I truly believe law officers today do a good job at what they do and deserve a tremendous amount of respect for it. Being a law officer is not only a risky job but it is kind of heroic in a way. I think it takes a special person to be a law officer and not everyone should able to be one.

Christianity and Islam Essay

Judaism is the Judaic religion. It is one of the oldest of the great world religions, and is the mother religion of both Christianity and Islam. Judaism was not founded by one towering personality, as were most other religions. Abraham and Moses argon not regarded as founders. Abraham was the father of the Hebrew people and Moses was the law-giver. I had the chance to wonder Gary Austein. This interview was done for me to know the idea or perspective of a believer regarding his faith in his religion and that concerns his spiritual life. During the interview I asked Gary Austein the important holidays and traditions of this religion.He answered The important holidays and tradition of Judaism are Yom Kippur. Rosh Hashana and the Passover. The holiest day in the Judaic calendar is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. This day is set aside to abye for the sins of the previous year. It is a day when both adult who has been Bar/Bat Mitzvahs (age 12-13) fasts and reflects on the past year and asks God for forgiveness. Rosh Hashana is the previous weeks and is the Jewish New Year. Passover is in the spring and it is a time when Jews cannot eat unleavened bread reflecting on the Israelites exodus from Egypt. When I asked him on how Judaism has shaped his life? And I quote Religion defines who I am as a person. I would say I am a Jew first and an American second, that is how important it is to me. My economic value and smell system is a product of my Jewish identity and upbringing. My adult life has brought my Judaism more into my life than ever as I now require a Jewish home, Jewish wife and child on the way. I also work at a Jewish Day School so I am always reminded of my Jewish identity as both my professional and personal life revolves around my religion. What are the challenges, if any, to practicing this particular religion?Jews end-to-end the world are always a target of anti-Semitism. This is a fact that they accepted and so with other families. It is scary that millions upon millions of people drive home been murdered because of their belief in Judaism. Between the final solutions, pogroms in Russia, and terrorists attacks, an astounding amount of Jews learn died because of their belief. Society is not very conducive for an observant Jewish lifestyle Jews are supposed to observe the Sabbath (Friday night to Saturday night) and are not supposed to drive, work, spend money, etc. A clump happens on the weekends so this is difficult.Also if you keep kosher (Jewish dietary restrictions) it is difficult to eat out as the vast majority of food and restaurants are not kosher. What are the false impression people carry about Judaism? People have much false impression about Judaism. A lack of understanding and acceptance has led to misconceptions, not only of Judaism, provided throughout the world. People need to always remind themselves that both Christianity and Islam were born from Judaism. Both religions accept the Torah (the Jewish B ible, also referred to at the Old Testament) as the backchat of God and credit Judaism for the birth of their respective religions.If people are more aware of this people and so maybe open to differences of people. Judaism has clung to a number of spectral principles, how important are they to your belief and values? Judaism defines who a Jew is they wear it as a badge of honor. For them it is amazing that time still honors traditions that are still in effect(p) at present. Something like male circumcision is the oldest religious tradition in the world today. It is amazing that it has lasted for thousands of years. It shows the resiliency and the testament of the Jewish faith that they are able to plow throughout the generations.What events and figures have shaped the faith of Judaism? Judaism has greatly shaped his life as a Jew. And it is through the people around that have helped him a lot in his Religious belief. His parents gave him his Jewish identity and the friends of h is family have nurtured it. His best friend who is a rabbinical student has been very influential in shaping his Jewish identity. His marriage also shaped his Jewish identity as his wife converted to Judaism which has given him a newfound zeal and love for his religion.His study of Holocaust has been a dramatic part of his Jewish identity. Finally his visits to Israel, the Jewish state has given him a unique pride in his homeland. There are more Jewish denominations. To want certain extent the philosophies of these movements have shaped the reaction to one another? He considers himself a Conservative Jew which is best classified as the middle of the road. For the most part, Jews of different backgrounds are fairly understanding and respectful of the traditions and practices of other sects of Judaism, with the exception of the ultra-Orthodox movement.He believes that if you are a Jewish according to the laws and traditions of Moses then it does not matter how you practice as long as you believe it in your heart. However, he believes that there are certain misinterpretations some of the other sects have undertaken, precisely that is not something that he could be worried or be burden about. Judaism has been the common bond of the Jewish people. It is the foundation of their culture and the reason for the presentation of Israel, the Jewish State. Israel is the most important tangible asset they have and something that must be protected at all costs.Judaism is the reason the Jewish people have and are persecuted, yet is the belief and intangible asset that keeps them together as a people. According to Jewish tradition, the history of Judaism begins with the plight between God and Abraham. What is the Covenant? The Covenant is the agreement between God and Abraham, the patriarch of the Jewish people, that the Jews will be the chosen people. This is a fact that is accepted by both Christians and Muslims alike. This compact was symbolized by Abraham being circu mcised and is something that is required for all Jewish males a week after they are born.Judaism is different from many religions, how does differ? He answered, This is a common misconception. All three of the major monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have more similarities than differences. Their major prophets are the same their historical texts are born out of the Jewish Bible, and their belief in one all powerful, all knowing, and benevolent God is distinct commonalities. They all practice and worship God in different ways, but when it comes down to it, they were all born from Abraham and Sarah, meaning they are all brothers and sisters.The interview taught me the importance of having respect for others faith and beliefs. It is also important that any individual must know the values that the other people in the society portrays because that is how they were brought up with especially with regards to their religion. My experience during the interview was wort h it, I knowledgeable a lot especially coming from a devoted person. What he shared to me were the same with the informations in the textbook we used in the class.

Nike Promotions Essay

After looking at Nikes marketing strategy with respect to product, price, place and promotion, the large(p) success of the brand name calls for more attention to Nikes promotional strategies. Nikes promotions and advertisements have been deemed the best in the retail industry. The Just Do It slogan is supposedly peerless of the most famous and easily recognized slogans in advertising history. It would be safe to claim that brand management is easily one of Nikes core capabilities. With the companys advertising budget today reaching $2.4 billion, it is worth looking into Nikes advertising strategies and how these strategies helped strengthen the brand image.1980-1988 former(a) AdvertisingBefore television advertisements, Nike released several successful photographic print ads. One of its earliest print ad runs was the There is no finish line campaign by John Brown and Partners. The posters were an instant hit, since, it did not focus on the running shoe product, but instead on th e person wearing the shoes.At this early stage, Nike saw the lucrative value in sports sponsorships. The company began sponsoring track and field athletes like Carl Lewis. With lucky breaks, Nike signed some bigger names in the athletic world like Wayne Gretzy and, probably the most important sponsorship signing in Nike history, Michael Jordan.1988 The JUST DO IT CampaignThis campaign was probably Nikes most known and successful. In 1988, Nike worked with ad agency Wieden and Kennedy to create the slogan Just Do It. The company used this campaign to cash in on the carry on/fitness craze of the 80s. Top competitor Reebok was sweeping the aerobics race so Nike responded with Just Do It ads that practically shamed people into exercising, and more importantly, to operation in Nikes. The Just Do It ads truly embodied the philosophy of grit, determination and passion to encourage consumers to embrace the culture of fitness rather than focus on the product.The Just Do It campaigns were in like manner successful because of their celebrity features including Bo Jackson, John McEnroe, and Michael Jordan. These famous athletes reassured the quality of the Nike product and gave Nike a hip brand image. These ads were basically number sweaty, pain-ridden exercise into something sexy and exciting. And lastly, the Just Do It ads were usually humorous, thus connecting to consumers on a level that made them comfortable and feeling positive about the brand.2000-2005 victimisation its cooperations with various ad agencies, Nike released several popular and well-received TV commercials. In fact, the company received two Emmy awards for best commercial twice. The first was for The Morning After, which featured a runner on his morning jog on January 1, 2000, facing the chaos of the Y2K predictions. The commercial really connected to consumer emotions, as speculations of the new millennium were the conversation hum around that time.The second Emmy was for a Nike commercial calle d Move that featured many famous and regular athletes performing a serious of athletic pursuits in a creative pass it on way. Starting in 2005, Nike released another successful ad campaign that were targeted at athletic woman. The ad focused on womens Thunder Thighs and Big Butts, encouraging them to embrace their athletic body parts and shapes. This was yet another successful way Nike connected to the consumer on a ain level, as we all know that women tend to care about their self images.2005 to PresentHaving built up an empire of a brand, Nike continued to focus on celebrity endorsements. Nike took famous athletes in a variety of sports to feature them in ads. LeBron James from basketball, Tom Brady from football, Ronaldhino from soccer, Roger Federer from tennis and Tiger Woods from golf, just to name a few. Using the A-list, top-notch names in the athletic world really helped tip Nike over into the elite brand division. At this point, Nike is reaching its peak in sales and in brand image.Having reached this peak, Nike is now changing up the promotion game and branching out to the digital world. With a 40% decrease in print and TV advertising, Nike is now trying to stray away from superstars. Now that Nike as perfected the art of branding, it is moving on to a world where consumers want to be told less. In 2010, Nike launched its new marketing division called Nike Digital Sport. This digital focus on sports conceived the Nike+ platform, which is a marriage of Apple and Nike technologies that allows people to track their athletic performance. It is also a platform that allows Nike to virtually have personal conversations with its consumers and, subtly study its consumers behavioural patterns.Overall, it seems like Nike is always in tune with consumer preferences and addresses them through strategic and well-executed advertising tactics. It is no surprise that the Nike brand is one of the most well recognized in the world.

Alcoholism: Compulsive and Uncontrolled Consumption of Beverages Essay

Alcoholic habituation is compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of intoxicantic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinkers health, personal relationships, and fond standing. It is medically considered a disease. For example a person who is strong-arm addicted to alcohol and continues to drink, despite problems with physical health, mental health, and social, family, or job responsibilities continue to drink, even when health, work, or family are being harmed.Alcoholics Drink alone, They in any case become violent when deglutition, Become hostile when asked about drinking, Are not able to control drinking being unable to stop or reduce alcohol intake, Make excuses to drink, Miss work or school, or acquire a decrease in performance because of drinking, Stop taking part in activities because of alcohol, Need to use alcohol on most days to get through the day, Neglect to carry off or eat poorly, they Do not care about or ignore how they dress or whether they are low-ca l, Try to hide alcohol use, Shake in the morning or after periods when they induct not a drink.Alcoholism is characterized by cravings for a alcohol and an inability to stop drinking. It is accompanied by a physical dependence which also means that the person experiences withdrawal symptoms when not drinking and an change magnitude tolerance for alcohol meaning the person needs to drink greater amounts to feel better.Before debut recovery, most alcoholics will deny they have a problem . the difference with being addicted to alcohol and abusing it is that People who abuse alcohol but are not dependent on it may have similar symptoms, but they striket feel the same craving to drink and usually don t feel the same craving to drink and usually don t experience withdrawal symptoms.About 18 million people in the United States abuse alcohol and estimates suggest that more than 70 million Americans have dealt with alcoholism in their family. Alcohol is involved in almost half of all traffic deaths in the U. S Alcoholism does not have a specific recruit but through rehab and therapy, it can be maintained and controlled and a person can keep clean for as long as they are determined.

“Catcher in the Rye” and “Rebel without a cause” Essay

When mavin twain reads Catcher in the Rye and sees Rebel With let out a Cause, he or she cant help but wonder if the writers, Nicholas Ray and J.D. Salinger, somehow knew each other, or if one writer copied the ideas of the other. Jim Stark and Holden Caulfield, the two main characters of the stories, have so much in common that if they ever met one a nonher, they would immediately become friends. The main theme that applies to both works is teenage rebellion. Holden and Jim seem to masturbate into trouble often, which affects many different aspects of their lives, including their friends, family, school, location, and self-image.Holdens and Jims parents have very similar attitudes towards their children. They both look to spoil their children indefinitely, a common display of parents during the 1950s. Jims father mentioned that he bought Jim everything he wants, including a gondola and bicycle. Holden said that his mother had recently sent ice skates to his school for him. Als o, both parents show embarrassment of their childrens delinquent behavior. Neither Jims nor Holdens fathers are good role models for their sons. Jim feels that his father is cowardly, weak, and a chicken.Holdens father isnt ever around, since Holden is always at one boarding school or another. Furthermore, both sons feel misunderstood by their parents. The major difference between Holdens and Jims families is that Holdens parents remove with his problems by sending him away to prep schools, whereas Jims parents approximate to be more involved in their sons life and move with him from t have got to town. A minor difference in their families is that Jim is an nevertheless child, but Holden has three siblings.Holden does not really have any friends. He constantly criticizes and complains about the pile he interacts with, rarely has anything positive to say about them, and does not consider anyone his real friend. Jim tries to make friends with the kids at his new school, but only s ucceeds in gaining two real ones. Plato, who is a social outcast at school, jumps at the chance to become Jims friend. Judy, however, makes fun of Jim with her friends until her boyfriend, Buzz, is killed. Then, she seeks comfort in Jim and they fall in love. both(prenominal) the Jim and Holden feel like outcasts, which is a major part of their rebellion. However, where Jim tries to fit in and isrejected by his peers, Holden does not make such attempts and he is the one who rejects his classmates.Neither Holden nor Jim fit into their schools. Holden has a lot of academic problems, although he appears to be a fairly intelligent boy. Jim, on the other hand, has social problems. In his previous schools, he had a tendency to beat up kids for calling him chicken. He also feels the need to keep his honor, and hence participate in the chickie fight against Buzz, which leads to Buzzs death. Holden seems to put in very little to no effort in his schoolwork and fitting in. He doesnt really care that he flunks out of his classes. Jims academic life wasnt really portrayed in the film, but he did try to fit in. When he was scolded for walking over the schools insignia, he felt very gloomful about it. Therefore, Jim is not always intentionally rebellious, but Holdens rebellion is deliberate.Jims and Holdens ablaze confusion affect their lives similarly. Both are extremely misunderstood by both the public and their own families. Although they appear to be rebellious and tough, both have a more sensitive interior. They suffer from hallucination from their families and peers, but Jim definitely strives towards acceptance while Holden does not. If Catcher in the Rye had been made into a movie, crowd Dean would have been the perfect actor to play the part of Holden, since his portrayal of Jim was so precise.

Self-storage began in America Essay

The Shurgard concept of self-storage began in America in 1970 when cofounder of the guild Chuck Barbo identified a flutter in the grocery store for both homeowners and businesses with a requirement for extra space.He came up with the picture of mini-w behouses for people with excess belongings and businesses with long forgotten records or documents.Twenty years later Shurgard began to magnify into atomic number 63 and in 1995 the first European store opened in Brussels. Four years later the first UK store opened in South London and earlier this year the company was bought for $5bn by Public Storage, the worlds largest owner and operator of self-storage facilities. The challengeThe growth and success of Shurgard in Europe meant that increasing demands and expectations were existence placed on the companys operations middle get alongrs who were wrestling with a ontogeny number of stores, an ever-larger geographic area of responsibility, increased numbers of employees, decentra lisation of country and panEuropean support centres, great autonomy and reorganisation of roles.Terry Whitney, European Learning and Development Manager of Shurgard SelfStorage Centers, said The business of self-storage was in truth different in Europe than it was in the US and there were different points of maturity in the market so there were many challenges to face. Most of our attention was focussed on buying property and edifice new facilities. Suddenly we realised we had a management team that was bright and hard working barely had suffered from a lack of growth focus.The best result of our partnership with SHL is that the district managers are now incite because they get laid what is expected of them, how they will be held accountable and have focused training and information in place. Importantly, they in like manner know what success looks like. Terry Whitney, Shurgard shl.comCase Study ShurgardTypical of many fast growing companies, Shurgard realised that it had n o consistency of mull over titles, roles or responsibilities and no standardised job descriptions or job competencies for its staff. In addition there was no formal evaluation, training or development and no chronological succession planning.What Shurgard wanted to create was a consistent layer of district managers crossways Europe. Some people already had this title but their job seemed little different to a market manager, operations manager or area manager.We were promoting great operations people from store managers to more senior job titles with responsibility for arrive at and loss accounts for specific districts. We also wanted them to lead, inspire and motivate and the more senior roles had a tout ensemble different set of skills requirements which we had not measured or trained for, said Whitney.District managers were identified as the operations critical layer with which to start work. Shurgard felt that if these people could not determine and accurately musical the me on key occupancy and rates figures for stores, then shareholders would not have the confidence to invest funds for expansion and more storage sites. The solutionThis client places people development high on its inclination of an orbit of organizational priorities. With an agreed name for the role, the company needed to align the title with expectations and competencies that could be used across Europe and which would accommodate prox growth of new stores. The people had to more effectively lead and manage an ever larger number of store personnel at a time of reduced centralized support. They were also required to operate at a higher managerial level than had previously been demanded. go about with this challenge, Shurgard partnered with SHL global experts in workplace assessment to conduct a performance assessment of the mid-management team in Europe.The programme was designed to Establish a benchmark of authorized managerial talents Undertake a gap analysis to determine t he strengths and limitation of the management team against the new job competencies Recommend how the current managerial team could get to the new expectations for the district manager role Assess the leadership potential of the current team Identify the ideal profile of a district manager for use in future recruitment.Supporting more than 10,000 customers every yearOrganisations that understand and maximize their peoples potential achieve outstanding results. SHL gives you the insights to make better decisions about your people. We telephone this People Intelligence, Business Results.With SHLs Universal readiness Framework cards, we were able to define the critical behaviours required for the district managers role, comments Whitney This competency model was the hub about which SHL was able to design an appropriate development centre programme.Individuals were invited to a one-day assessment at an SHL diagnostic development centre in order to see how they fitted the need and be havioural competencies of the district manager role. The assessment include exercises aligned to specific competencies, psychometric tests in local languages, management scenario role-play and numerical, verbal and abstract reasoning tests. to each one attendee received feed foul from a senior SHL assessor who took them through their results and talked about their development needs.The ResultsAs a result of the assessment, Shurgard found that its mid-management team had a wide spectrum of skills and abilities but also specific patterns of managerial strengths and weaknesses. Recognising these areas enabled the company to target the appropriate training and development to address specific competencies and behaviours.Shurgard really learned the critical splendour of aligning the district manager job description, job competencies, hiring profile, training activities and performance management processes to create ameliorate motivation and performance, said Whitney.He added that using the competencies created by SHL also changed the recruitment and promotion process. New recruits are now given competency-based interviews focused on certain experiences whilst promotions are no longer based on length of service and performance alone but on potential against the required competencies. For me its the competencies everything ties back to them, said Whitney.And he adds The best result of our partnership with SHL is that the district managers are now motivated because they know what is expected of them, how they will be held accountable and have focused training and development in place. Importantly, they also know what success looks like.Case Study ShurgardShurgards need to focus on developing its managers was being hampered by a lack of consistency in job titles, roles, responsibilities and competencies for its staff. SHL worked with the firm to assess its midmanagement team in Europe and identify the ideal profile for district managers. Shurgard is now able to tar get management development and recruit more effectively for improved motivation and performance 25 million assessments every year.Organisations that understand and maximize their peoples potential achieve outstanding results. SHL gives you the insights to make better decisions about your people. We call this People Intelligence, Business Results.

Luxury Fashion Brand Essay

To be booming in India, it is both requisite to gauge the financial potential as considerably as the mindset of the Indian highlife consumer. This pass on help in bringing forth the unspoiled product offerings to the Indian consumer as well as targeting them better. There are conventional foundations for ensuring success of a filth and they are listed below in shortened * The dirt must be expansive Which means it should be full of innovation opportunities for the securities industryer and in terms of sateing the different needs of the extravagance consumer.* The brand must tell a novel One of the best ways for an organization to compete and distinguish yourself from the rest of the pack is to tell your brand story. The story should be so powerful that it should make customer act as the way you want. * The brand must be relevant to the consumers needs Depending upon the mindset of the luxury class, it is necessary for a brand to satisfy those needs, whether they be for acquaintance or functional use etc.* The brand must align with consumers value A brand that does not concur with the basic values of a consumers society has a small chance of succeeding because luxury items are identification for a luxury consumer. This makes it difficult for the consumer to bring in the brand in such cases. * The brand must perform Irrespective of which category the brand belongs to, a performance assurance is a must for the brand.Based on the inputs given above as well as an understanding of the decision making process of the luxury consumer, we recommend the following paths for luxury marketers found on what Indian consumers really desire from their luxury brands, i. e. product brand, dealer/store brand and hurt/value relationship (The price / value relationship has been accorded less counselling since the Indian Consumer is at a phase when cost of luxury is secondary to its appeal / benefits) 1. Brand Me Affluent It is essential for marketers to ensure that the recognition value of their brands is always high so that it lends a sense of affluence to the consumer, which can all make love if others around him / her perceive the brand to be a top-notch luxury brand. This can come from either creation aligned with the most successful celebrities or being a part of elite events and promotions. 2. Nothing scarcely the Best This is a golden opportunity for the marketer to earn greater margins by adding customized value to his seam of luxury goods.These added-value customized goods testament ensure that the customer feels he has something more than just the ordinary range of luxury goods available. 3. Luxury is having the world at my fingertips First A luxury marketer exit not only have to be faster than his competitors in reaching out to the consumer, to gain a share of purse but also endlessly offer innovative products that serve to differentiate between the consumers. 4. Ethnic swank The Fusion of Local & Global goods Thi s point is connected to the strategy of a product being in line with the consumers values for it to be adopted.Apart from this, in the Indian context, ethnicity is also a fashion command in many product categories. 5. You Think Im Demanding? Next The marketers crinkle should be a constant endeavor to offer newer luxury goods to the consumer, in sync with their needs. In addendum to that, marketers will need to make sure that each and every single consumer has to be treated with a high-level of personalized attention, given the nature of the product and the consumer. Even minor Shortfalls in this case will have the consumer shifting their brand preferences to those marketers who can satisfy their needs better.6. CANNIBALIZATION OF BRANDS It thus becomes essential to ensure that successful celebrities are partnered with at the right time, thereby both eliminating chances of Competition as well as delivering the right aspirational / appeal message to the intended audience. Conclus ion The starting point for identifying successful luxury brand strategies in India has been established by identifying certain salient aspects of luxury brands that remain constant as well as identifying the stage of mindset of the Indian consumer towards these brands.The focus is now towards how soon luxury brands will enter the market to gain a first mover advantage, which is of significant importance in India. Apart from how soon, we primarily focus on how will luxury brands cater to the mainly aspirational needs of the Indian consumer. A watchword of heed that goes for luxury marketers, irrespective of their brands and Geographical presence The luxury consumer is always looking for newer ways to Satisfy his continuously changing needs.Hence, the need to keep a close tab through insightful research is of premier(a) importance. As far as India is concerned, given the rapidly accelerating affluence of the Masses, the scenario is set to witness a boom. The ones who will be ridin g the Wave will be the ones whove kept their ears open to each and every word of their Each and every customer. After all, in the luxury business, no marketer can afford the luxury of treating its consumers as a loosely bunched segment.

The Lack of Will Makes Us Lazy

The industrial Revolution was the beginning of a new earned run average in humankind history. Thanks to this, many countries were qualified to experience economic growth at a rate never seen before. Unfortunately, it has brought an unforeseen consequence that today has been taken for granted. Because of lacking regulation laws during the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution, we now face the worst environmental crisis of all time. As a result, the planet is experiencing an increase in temperatures around the world. However, no topic is all lost, yet.With renewable energy, among other things, its possible to number greenhouse gun emissions, therefore reversing the damage we have done to the planet. For instance, there are enclose farms. The wind is a renewable energy that is often overlooked. With new technology, its possible to harness the wind and convert it into a indi behindt source. The United Kingdom has managed to do this with success. In the southeast coast of England, t he government was able to build an off-shore wind farm with over 100 turbines, which harvests the advocator of the wind.The Thanet wind farm, as they named it, is capable of producing enough energy to power over 200,000 households in a year. If countries around the world had the will, they could replace non-renewable energy sources with wind farms. This is an magnificent thinking that could reduce carbon emissions by billions of tons each year. In addition, another renewable source that could succor reduce emissions is solar energy. The planet receives more solar energy from the Sun in an hour than it consumes in a year.If every home owner had the will to install solar panels in the rooftops of their homes, not only if would it lower their electric bill, but also, their emission levels would drop drastically. Similarly, China is planning to build something close, but in massive scale. The Chinese government struck a deal with First Solar Inc, an Arizona-based company, to build a solar field the size of Manhattan. If the deal goes through, the gigantic solar field will be able to power approximately 3 million Chinese homes. In the end, solar energy is another excellent renewable source with a lot more potential than we might think.Moreover, another way that we toilette reduce greenhouse gases is by encouraging public transportation. As we know, unprompted our daily commute can become a struggle. Sometimes, we pollute the environment with carbon dioxide without even moving our cars, stuck in traffic jams, waste energy in the process. On the other hand, people who use mass transit when commutation fork out by not spending money on increasingly expensive gas, but more importantly, reduce their carbon emissions. Another plus for using mass transit systems is that you basically have an excuse to recreate new people seating next to you.On the contrary, if you rather enjoy commuting alone while driving a car, a hybrid or an electric is a great alternative to regular conflagration engine vehicles. Either way, theres no excuse for anyone to reduce their carbon emissions while commuting to work or school. In the end, the technology to reduce worldwide greenhouse gases is on our fingertips. The only thing thats stopping us from doing the right thing and reducing emissions is will in our part. Its human nature to act after the disaster strikes. Lets not wait after coastal cities start flooding and act now so we can secure a better in store(predicate) for our descendants.

MGMT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT - identification ExampleThe rule further helps to clarify that microscopic retail line of descent are not activate of this rule which means that they are not affected by it. This legislation testament affect my business in terms of accessing government procurement programs as well as obtaining financial support (Regulations.gov, para-1).The regulation try to define what is a atrophied business as a sized standard and admit all its branches. This proposal was put forth to provide clarity on the category of each operating(a) business that has employees. It further provides the basis of whether a business qualifies for acquiring government procurement contract.I am against the proposed regulation because it has limited applicability in the actual situation. It fails to recognise other business such as retail trade enterprises as part of small business. Further, it represents just the opposite by stating that a small business is a standard sized business including its subsid iaries.One my comment has been submitted and acceptable my business will be able to fall under the definition of small business as explained by the small business administration. This will further make my business to qualify for government contracts and financial assistance.Regulations.gov.Small Business surface Standards Industries with Employee Based Size Standards Not Part of Manufacturing, Wholesale Trade, or Retail Trade.Web.14.09.014 http//ww

Jean Piaget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jean Piaget - Essay ExampleThe main role in the process of cognition belongs to mental abilities of person infants are born with certain schemes operating at birth (reflexes), but enchantment in animals these schemes control behavior throughout life human beings example them to adapt to the environment and educate their cognitive abilities. Piaget identifies four periods of cognitive cultivation sensory-motor, pre- operative, cover-operational, and formal-operational. Each of these periods is associated with mastering certain skills and abilities such as use of symbols, abstract thinking, etcPre-operational stage (toddler and early childhood) intelligence information is demonstrated through the use of symbols, improvements in the use of language, development of memory and imagination. However, thinking remains illogical and nonreversible egocentric thinking dominates during this stageConcrete operational stage (elementary and early adolescence) intelligence is demonstrated thro ugh logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Operational thinking develops (mental actions that are reversible) while egocentric thinking diminishes.Formal operational stage (adolescence and adulthood) intelligence is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts.

Concert Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concert Review - Assignment ExampleThe line of business of the recital can be set forth by a short but fast shifting motive. The composer uses about four notes that the shift rapidly from one set to another. At the introduction and throughout the piece the energy and vigor portrayed in the melody gives the recital a jovial or celebratory atmosphere and mood. The vigor and strength that is depicted in the piece can be likened to the mood of a carnival or an active musical theater dance. The harmony of the recital is also varied between an breakup and a chord. In the introduction of the piece, the ecumenical harmony is an interval sounding at most two notes at a time. In the afterward stages of the piece, it shifts to a chord but turns back the harmony back to the interval. At the intervals, there is an underlying melody that supports the harmony. In the subsequent groups of chords, the melody is not very clear, and the progression is achieved in the recital. The variation betwe en the interval and chords in the piece creates musical motion in the presentation. Musically it is expected that where the interval is supported by an underlying melody and thee audience perceives a level of stability, the harmony is referred to as consonance. However, in the case of a turbulent and unstable set of chords, the harmony is referred to as a dissonance. The texture of this presentation can be described as both thick and thin. First, the texture can be described as monophonic. The commentary of the texture is because the presentation is a solo recital that is not accompanied by any vocals.

Respond essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Respond - probe ExamplePeople need to discard their otherness in the other culture through assimilation. They mother to adopt Anglicized name in order to have themselves accepted as normal beings. They do non want to be de alla, for which they have to adopt an identity that is different from single they are born with. Hence, Munozs main focus is on the need of people to adopt Anglicized names to adapt in a new culture that is superior to their own.2. Munoz does not state his thesis statement straight away instead, he starts with an account of a Mexican woman calling a visitor at the airport, and then describes how his cousins and others in the family changed their names in order to confirm themselves accepted in the English society. Munoz, much later in the essay, talks about how assimilation affects ones identity, when he says It applies to needing to belong, of seeing from the outside and wondering how to get in and then, once inside, realizing there are always those still on the fringe (Munoz, para.17). In the resembling paragraph, Munoz states how the corrosive effect of assimilation affects an individuals cultural identity. He states that assimilation results in one culture displacing the other, and this happens when one is not able to sustain two identities in one being, for which he has to block one and adopt the other that is useful for him in terms of living and profession. One has to give in to the new culture to feel accepted, or in a broader sense, to escape from ethnic/racial discrimination.3. Munoz gives lists of names to reinforce his thesis statement. He mentions names of his cousins, his grandfather, and others in his family and friends, to emphasize upon his thesis statement. I found it a little bit distracting, although it was helpful in understanding what he rattling meant to say. A few examples were really necessary to obtain a clear understanding, but I really found it annoying to go through so many names,

The Growing Middle Class in Emerging Markets in Asia Research Paper

The Growing Middle Class in acclivitous Markets in Asia - Research Paper ExampleThis research go away begin with the statement that posts 2008 financial crisis crossways the US and around the world, there has been considerable interest in the emergence of the Asian midpoint signifier because they can play a significant role in reviving the world economy. As more(prenominal) than and more people in the Asian region go down into the spirit-income category, they are likely to be a succeeding(a) growth engine. So far economies of China, South Korea, or Taiwan have been driven more by their export bases however, with the emergence of a middle class in these countries, their reliance on exports will diminish in the coming years as their domestic consumption will fuel the future tense growth. It is a fact that the wider the base of a middle-income group across the world, the more cushioning will it leave to the world economy. In other words, the world economy is likely to be mor e resilient to the future economic shocks unlike the one witnessed during the financial crisis of 2008-09. While there is no specific definition of the middle class, different people/agencies use different criteria. correspond to the definition of the Asian Development Bank, the people earning in the midst of USD2 and USD20, in purchasing power parity terms, fall in a category of the middle class. According to Homi Kharas the deputy director and the economist at the Brookings Institution, a middle class is defined as those households whose income fall between USD10 and USD100 per day based on purchasing power parity (PPP) perspective. Pezzini, the director of OECD development, argues that emerging middle class in Asian countries is likely to be a main engine of growth, especially in China and India due to their large population base. According to him, this middle class has been a front-runner in accumulating the useful capital necessary for further growth in the region. Larger mi ddle class in the region helps fuel growth through domestic consumption rather than depending upon export-based growth. South Koreas large analogy of the population now falls in the middle-income category or above and has already become a major engine of economic growth in the region. Asia Foundation has been a major organization in supporting economic growth across Asia through private and public institutions. Its economic development curriculum consists of three core areas that include policy reform and develops business environments, supporting entrepreneurship, and creating economic cooperation across the region.

Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics - Term Paper representativeLeaders, who possess fairishy and integrity, atomic number 18 better equipped to inculcate a sense of security deep down the castforce during the fast transforming dynamics of the current business processes. People are frequently less h iodinest in putting their best in their acidulate environment, especially when they are not motivated for the work that they get paid for. I really feel that whatever the work environment, one should do ones job with full sincerity and try to give ones best chthonian all circumstances. As in the present case, while my current job is not to my liking, I understood conscientiously try to put my best in my job. Another very important fact is that leaders and managers within the organizations should also be well(p) in their feedback to the employees performance. This is one of the most critical aspects of improving and improvising the work performance of the sub-ordinates and workforce in general. Our office envi ronment hugely wishings motivated work because the manager is a lot inclined to give wrong reports to the seniors. The manager a good deal does not give correct feedbacks. Recently one my colleague was fired for causing a grave error. It was unexpected because he was never told about his mistakes. When he was suddenly served with the notice, we all realized that manager was not only dishonest but had also betrayed the swear of his subordinates. He had just compiled the workers mistakes which he had never bothered to discuss with him In my section as leader or manager, I would ensure that workers are provided with regular feedback so that they can change their work. This not only would create a more motivating environment but also evolve trust between the management and workforce. Honest dialogues also promote inter-personal relationship. When the leaders are honest in their intention to address the problems of the workers, they are better competent to manage their performanc e. Another springy issue is ensuring that workers are given correct picture of the organizational performance so that they are able to garner workers trust. Managers often misread situations and wishfully hope that optimist attitude would improve situations and productivity. When, over a long time, situations do not improve, he not loses his credibility but also the trust of his people. I will be honest with my workers and try to present correct picture of organizations future. I think, it would encourage employees to apply juvenile vision and wider perspectives on issues so that corrective measures could be applied for improving the overall performance. Accountability of natural actions is some other important work principle that improves quality of work and promotes teamwork. In fact, one of the members of my team had developed the economic consumption of calling sick on Friday to Monday on a regular basis. His long absence had huge adverse impact on the productivity and wee kly targets. Despite repeated complaint, manager had delayed taking action against the erring member till after huge loss was discovered by the senior management. The lack of accountability on the parts of colleague as well as that of my supervisor/ manager was exceedingly detrimental to organization performance. It also reflected badly on the rest of the team as we were not able to achieve the defined target. I believe that accountability of ones action is a vital ingredient of one

Customer Orientation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Customer Orientation - try ExampleThe subject of customer orientation, that was discussed in this essay has become a subject of interest not only to the business world, but also to the scholarly world. In the recent past, companies have committed a lot of option on researching on the subject of customer orientation behavior and building of formation culture that is customer orient. There have been systematic effort by many companies to come up with programs especially in their production and sales department that ar customer lie. Companies have encouraged their sales people to implement behavior which be customer oriented and which focus on the integration of market concepts and customer oriented behaviors. Satisfaction of customers has been the guiding principle in the operation of many companies. Concept places more(prenominal) emphasize on the need to listen to the needs of the customer. In this depend it tries to find out what attractive of products the customer needs in the market and what response customer gives closely the product that they are provided with. The police detective then concluds that this concept as used in management and business can be seen as a way of staying closer to the customers or putting the customer at the to pf o the organization chart. This sum that the customer become the most important person in the business organization. It is also stated that the briny focus of customer orientation is in production and in sales. This knowledge will help the tec to provide his customers with utilityrs that are tailored to their needs. ... This means that the customer become the most important person in the organization. The main focus of customer orientation is in production and in sales. (Berneisten, 2004)Which behavior can be considered as customer orientedThere are several behaviors which can bee seen as customer oriented. These are behavior and actions that are aimed at meeting the satisfaction of the customers. These act ion include thinking and talking about clients, assessing customer perception, resolving priority issue in favor of customer, making amends for poor intervention of customers, employing any policy at hand in order to satisfy the needs of the customers, re-aligning processes and redeployment of resource which are geared toward ensuring high quality services to the customers, and many other action all which are aimed at satisfying the needs of the customers. (Hunt, 2000)Therefore customer oriented actions are those actions which will be unlike to sales action that are geared toward achieving immediately increased sales of a product quite than satisfying the needs of the customers. Sales oriented actions are geared towards achieving immediate sales with no regard to the benefit the product will have on the customers. Therefore as opposed to sales oriented actions, customer oriented actions will be looking at satisfying the needs of the customer and and so it will involve collecting the view of the customer about products and services and likewise giving redeploying service and process to suit the needs of the customers. How can a corporate create a customer oriented cultureThe culture of a corporation is one of the most important aspects that determine how an organization performs. distinct Corporations have been known by different culture where they

ENRON Ethical Breach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENRON Ethical Breach - Research Paper fashion modelIts stocks continued to increase at a modest rate, but in 1999 2000, investors saw a emergent 87% increase in 2000, which coupled with the club being named the close innovating company in America, meant the prospective prospects for the shareholders seemed excellent. Unfortunately, it was revealed in October 2001 that this almost sudden increase in investors confidence was due to accounting loopholes and fraudulent auditing, which allowed the companys shares and returns to be appearing more companionable than they actually were. This ethical breach included the meshing and dissolution of Arthur Andersen, one of the most famous auditing firms of the world at the time. There is no reason to look at that Enron participated in corrupt practices since its inception in 1985, rather, evidence indicates that the ethical breach that lasted about a go began several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired and a team of executive s was developed to cater to the accounting needs of the company. Since most of the work done by this group of individuals was either difficult to understand, or too complex to be looked into, many loopholes, special entities that otherwise would not have been allowed, and poor financial auditing allowed billions of dollars of debt to be hidden from the universal eye. Obviously, an act that is criminal for such a huge public company to carry out. This lack of clear debt meant the company continued to prove profitable, and confidence coupled with investment continued to increase. Studies that were done on the ethical breach carried out by the company showed that it was not the method of corruption employed by passel running the company, or the auditors in charge of producing honest financial reports. Rather, it was seen as an accumulation of negligence and cheapjack details in reports that finally spiraled out of control, and resulted in the demise of a company that not wide ago h ad proved to be immensely promising. The ethical breach that has been described as one of the biggest scandals of incarnate America involved misre instauration of financial statements and records that enabled the firms returns and revenues to appear higher, losses to appear lower, and balance sheets to skew towards favorable performance. The auditing firm, Arthur Andersen, clearly did not do their job properly, and they were possibly influenced by Enron into reporting heavy inflow of cash, and putting away the liabilities and debts that the company had undertaken. Other than the fact that the executives entered deals which were extremely complex and bewildering to be clearly understood by many people, the clever accountants that worked for the company used many unethical practices to achieve their ends (McLean & Elkind, 2004). Enron misrepresented revenue citation to make it seem as though they were bringing in more cash than they were on their services. For example, until folk 2001, just a month before their exposure, Enron reported revenues of over 138 billion dollars. Moreover, the company switched from straightforward presentation of revenues (selling price minus costs) and employed the Mark-to-market accounting, which they believed showed the true economic value of their company. Investors were often given

The Challenges OF Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Challenges OF Growth - Essay ExampleFactually, success in growth results from simultaneously encircling the market entities (competitors and customers) and the company in formulating strategies, a process that leads to the 3-circle analysis.Remarkably, the three principles ar interrelated and prudent planner can easily analyse the business environment features to create a long-term strong growth strategy. Thinking in manner that favours the three entities constitutes emulous advantage (8). research on customer values and thinking to effectively creates customer trust and long-term relationship with the firm. ego evaluation is necessary as it ensures that the value produced to the clients coincides the value they require (9). Secondly firms must evaluate externalities. cast out externalities are not totally harmful as some (non-value and negative value), create some train of future demand that the firm can use a growth opportunity. This increases the use of its capability. E xploring unmet needs opens take for growth. Notably, in addition to existing market gap, negative values might also create pleonastic need not satisfied by current products (10). As matter of fact, meeting the unmet needs requires an turn up not yet explored by existing competitors hence can be used to gain competitive

Retailing Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retailing Industry - look for ExampleThe aim of the paper is to present findings of previous researchers in a structured form, which will to thread further conclusion or will make it able to predict a general trend. upstart outcomes of the paper come from the analysis of those findings and result in the connection between the emergence of born planetary companies and the extensive use of IT strategies by small companies. Additionally the situation with SMEs integration into e-business presents interest for the development of guinea pig economies the paper indicates weaknesses in the current IT development of SMEs.The development of information technologies (IT) has stretched the horizons for almost every business. Small companies necessitate got the opportunity to open themselves to the world, full-size companies have used their chance to strengthen their competitive advantage through and through the use of increasing their intimate effectiveness with the help of IT solutions .The paper is set in the scene of sell industry, which implies a small buyer power, fierce competition, and most importantly the urgent need for diversification. Due to the item that retail companies have developed in similar ways during the past century, they offer the same service to customers. The only way to get a company out of this dullness is to diversify itself. Diversification is extremely important for both large and small companies in retailing industry.Previous researches of Miller (2000), Rossi and Tuunainen (2002), and Evaristo and Kaarst-Brown (2004) have spy the changes made by IT in large and small retailers strategies and root word (Section 3 and 2 correspondingly), while the modelling of Brown, Seltsikas, and Tailor (2003) devotes much attention to issues of outsourcing (Section 5). Rapid internationalization of small-to-medium enterprise (SME) also presents academic interest text file of Malhotra (2000), and Abbot and Stone (2003) concentrate on the diffe rence of development of large and small firms in the context of IT instruction execution (Section 4).Differences in the use of large and small businesses are seen most vividly in the theme and strategy of companies. Smaller companies seek for strategies and IT tools that will help them to seize new business opportunities (Miller, 2000), while large retailers use IT solutions to enhance their internal effectiveness (Rossi, Tuunainen, 2002). The next section starts with a detailed comparison of the internal infrastructure of large and small retailers.2. DIFFERENCES IN INFRASTRUCTURE2.1 Differences in the internal infrastructureInternal infrastructure ensures the flow of information inside the company (e.g. from one department to another). It is the most invisible part of companies operations from the customers perspective, and at the same time internal effectiveness is vital for both large and small businesses. That is why the implementation of IT in the internal infrastructure is a common practice in retail businesses regardless of their size. compensate the smallest companies, which do not make the Internet their first priority, use information systems (IS) for quick and easy chafe to prices, inventory and delivery times to follow through with customers requirement (Miller, 2000). IS can enhance the internal infr