Police Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement Essay

Police Brutality â€Å"Officer Jeronimo Yanez, charged with second-degree manslaughter in the shooting death of Philando Castile, a 32-year-old black Minneapolis man† (Capecchi). â€Å"Brian Encinia, former Texas trooper charged with misdemeanor perjury stemming from his arrest of Sandra Bland, a black woman who was later found dead in a county jail† (Almasy). â€Å"Sgt. Kizzy Adonis, charged with failure to supervise in connection with the 2014 death of Eric Garner, a 43-year-old black Staten Island man who died after police to administered a controversial choke hold† (Eversley). These are a few examples of the mistreatment suffered by young black citizens at the hands of police officers that resulted in the death of a suspect. Throughout the nation, the mishandling of the authority given to police officers has increased and is not merely coincidentally occurring. Eerily reminiscent to the images from the civil rights movement, the preceding actions that became highly publicized thanks to the media often go unnoticed by society. Although some changes have been made when it comes to the treatment of blacks since that era, somehow we have been taken back. Ironically, â€Å"Cops killed nearly twice as many whites as blacks in 2015, 50 percent of the victims of fatal police shootings were white, while 26 percent were black. The majority of these victims had a gun or, were armed or threatening the officer with potentially lethal force.† â€Å"Alternatively, some believe that these statistics areShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1333 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality goes back many decades and actually happens a lot less the it did in the 60’s it is just seems like it occurs more due to the development of social media today. During the Civil Rights Movement that began in 1963 African Americans mostly in the South took the majority of these police brutalities. For example In the 60’s blacks were beaten with batons and cattle prods as they attempted to vote at a court house that was in Selma, Alabama. The subjects that received the beatings wereRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Ri ghts Movement985 Words   |  4 Pagessituations between citizens and police officers. Dating back to the 1960s during the civil rights movement, to recent events in the news that demonstrates police brutality. But does this mean that police officers aren’t doing their jobs. Could the media and social networks influence our views of the police? In my opinion it does. Police brutality has circulated media headlines for decades now. Citizens rage through the country, becoming more angry due to the outcome of police officers that use excessiveRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1738 Words   |  7 PagesWhile combating police brutality everyday, what really does matter? Despite, the increased attention and actions to remedy police brutality, police brutality is still a prevalent issue in today’s American society. It has sent critics on both sides of the issue into their corners, as no one really seems to have the answer. Maybe, the reason why police b rutality has been so troublesome to alter is because the people trying to alter it are only targeting only the symptoms instead of the infection itselfRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1522 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality is defined as â€Å"excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians,† and this has become more prominent within the United States throughout the years (Danilina). There has many cases where police brutality has been seen via news channels, and it has dismantled the unity of trust between the civilians of the United States and the law enforcement who are supposed to protect the everyday people from harm. The issue is if the law enforcement is actually right withinRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1400 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past 10 decades or more the United States has displayed a lot of police brutality and also racial profiling that leads to police brutality to American citize ns. A police officer job are to serve and protect and enforce the law but in a lot cases from proven evidence it’s seems they shoot first and ask questions later. Americans are starting to feel that the police are scared of the citizens more than people are scared of them. Not every single cop in the world is bad or mean harm to peopleRead MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profilingRead MorePolice brutality1678 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality, Have Times Really Changed The history of Police Brutality for minorities; especially people of color has left America wondering have times changed. Police brutality has deemed the opportunity for socioeconomic advancement or access to good and services for many Black/African Americans dating back as far as 1955. The system of Police brutality has affected many realms of society for minorities’ employment and family life. After some scholarly research, police brutality isRead MorePolice Brutality Is An Extremely Serious Offence885 Words   |  4 Pagesthe police for help,Considering their job is to protect you at all times. But, who Do you call when it s a police officer abusing his authority? Who do you call when the peacemakers are disturbing your peace and just adding to the crime rates in America? Police brutality is a crime very much present in today s society just as it was present during the civil rights movements of the 1960’s and years after that . It is a very big issue in our highly p opulated cities in america. Police brutality isRead MorePolice Influence on Society822 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Police Influence on Society Police Influence on Society 1 The relationship between police and minority societies has always been a difficult one with many issues. Before the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s African Americans were treated brutally by the police in the United States. African Americans along with other minority groups were often abused by police. Minorities were viewed to have no rights and this treatment was commonplace. This brutal treatmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Police Brutality By Jill Nelson1358 Words   |  6 Pagesnot had power to determine their own destiny† which is movement that formed for self defense against the U.S government. The Black Power Movement established itself in the 1950’s branching off of the nonviolent groups established during the Civil Rights Movement. Two major Black Power groups in history were Malcolm X and Black Panther Party that focused on justice for the black communities. These groups primarily fought against police brutality in their communities. At this time the United States that

Cuban American Family Of Six Children - 1222 Words

Chavez who born in March 31, 1927 in Yuma, Arizona, in a Mexican-American family of six children, had always a huge sense of connection with the land and the people who work hard of build the life by farming the land. His family owned a grocery store and a ranch, but their land was lost during the Great Depression of 1930s, which was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. During that time his family s home was taken away after his father had agreed to clear eighty acres of land in exchange for the deed to the house, an agreement which was subsequently broken. Later, when Chavez s father attempted to purchase the house, he could not pay the interest on the loan and the house was sold back to†¦show more content†¦Later, he would say, The love for justice that is in us is not only the best part of our being but it is also the most true to our nature. Then my story with Caser Chavez starts from here, and I think it would be very useful if I sta rt to describe the historical path of Modern Mexican-American movement in order to make a sense of Chavez legacy. From different historical resource we learned that the origins of Mexican Americans in the United States today go back to the days of the Spanish who first came to Mexico and then expanded north into the Southern United States, especially into the Southwest. While The Mexican Revolution in 1810 drove the Spanish out of Mexico and Mexican territory, the Mexican War from 1846 to 1848 ended Mexican control of the Southwest, and this is what explains the process of forming another American minority that so called Mexican Americans, and like any other minority of that era, they suffered losing power, land, and wealth. To stand against inequality, injustice, and discrimination, we, as Mexican Americans, formed different organizations that to take a collective actions in order to achieve our goals of equality, justice, and civil rights. For example the Confederacion de Uniones de Obreros Mexicanos (CUOM) was formed in 1927 in Los Angeles. It proved to be the first really stable organization among Mexican workers. They organized three thousand workers into twenty locals, and in 1928 they struck in the Imperial Valley.

River Island - Internet Marketing Plan Free Sample Solution

Introduction With the increase enhancement in the field of technology, it has been considered essential by the businesses to implement such technology in their business processes. Further, the increasing demand from the customers regarding the better quality of products and services delivered to their doorstep has also necessitated for the businesses to implement the e-business strategy in their business processes. E-business which is commonly known as electronic business implies the application of information communication and technology in the business processes, for the purpose of supporting various business activities undertaken by the organization. E-business does not simply mean buying and selling via inteet, rather it is a much broader concept and requires the integration of business activities with the inteet and related technologies so that the business activities can be performed in a superior manner. In simple words, it implies development of new ways of doing business by innovatively exploiting the various aspects of the information communication and technology. With the changing business environment, business organizations are compelled to develop new strategies and business models to remain competitive. The integration of business activities with the latest development in the field of technology enables the organization to serve its customer in a totally different manner in comparison to the traditional method of business. It helps the businesses in the achievement of competitive advantage over others by providing them the opportunity to meet the customer needs in a more effective manner. Along with the advantage that is experienced by the businesses from the rapid development in the field of technology, there are certain issues that have also emerged from the e-business policies such as security related issues, privacy, regulatory, legal and ethical issues as well. As such the integration of the business activities with the information technology should be do ne with great care in order to achieve maximum advantage out of it (Li 2007). This report is basically conceed with the development of an inteet marketing plan for River Island, a fashion conscious chain of retail stores. The current website of the company is basic and does not support the e-commerce transactions. As such, the report is basically conceed with the development of an inteet marketing plan, which will cover various topics such as the impact of e-business strategy on the business, strategies for implementing the inteet marketing plan, measures for the protection of business for minimizing the security related risk and also the future developments in the field of e-business. Finally the report concludes with a conclusion and the recommendations on various aspects of e-business strategy. Impact of E-Business strategy on Business In this competitive era, the successful implementation of e-business strategy can lead an organization to achieve competitive advantage over others. E-business is one of the most important ways for the businesses to leverage the new market opportunities. E-business leads to the transformation of entire business processes, as it not only considers the reengineering of the existing business processes, rather it also helps in designing and developing new ways of performing various business processes. The traditional way of doing business ranging from the sourcing of raw materials and developing new products to acquiring human resources and managing customer relationship has totally been changed with the innovation in the field of technology. E-business facilitates the establishment of real time connection with various entities such as distributors, wholesalers, suppliers, logistics providers, service providers and the end consumers. An effective e-business strategy would enable the orga nization to achieve efficiency in all the major functions performed by the organization with its various business entities. Thus, e-business can be an effective tool for the businesses in optimizing the flow of physical items between the supply chains, in connecting with the end consumers and also in performing the traditional functions of business in a totally new way (Gottschalk 2006). Expectation of Inteet Customers: The success of every business depends upon how well it is able to satisfy its customers. Customer satisfaction is the prime conce for the businesses these days, as they realize that attracting new customer would cost them too high in comparison to retaining existing customers. As such, most of the businesses are eyeing to satisfy their existing customers by offering them products and services above their expectations. However, the advancement in the field of technology has further raised their expectation even more than before. In the e-business age, the expectation of the customers has totally been changed with that of the traditional business. Customers are expecting higher level of services such as timely delivery of products and services with the correct features as mentioned during the time of purchase. The transaction should be free from any kind of fraud and the processing time should also be least. They expect personalized as well as error free service through multiple channe ls and also the availability of service at all the times (E-Business 2010). In addition to all these expectations, the customers are also very much conce with respect to the privacy and confidentiality related issues from the e-business transaction. Further, as the River Island is a fashion conscious chain of retail store, the customers would expect good quality of products with timely delivery because it would not be possible for them to judge the quality of the products electronically. As such the expectation of the customers would further increase depending upon the nature of the business. Integration with the Existing business processes: For the purpose of achieving the maximum advantage of e-business strategy, it becomes very much essential that the new business processes must be integrated with the existing business processes. However in case of River Island, the website of the company does not support the e-commerce transaction. As such, it has been a difficult task to integrate the data with the existing business system database of the organization. The successful launch of an e-business would require the integration of core business application software with that of the e-business applications. This will help in the complete realization of benefits from e-business. Analysis of Logistics Processes: As the expectation of the customer is very high in case of e-business, it becomes essential for the businesses to fulfill their expectation effectively. The customer usually expects the delivery of products and services at minimal time. In order to meet out this expectation, it becomes essential for the businesses to have an effective logistic system in operation, so that faster services can be ensured. In case of River Island, as the organization is planning to integrate its function with e-business, the logistics system of the organization should be such that it ensures timely delivery of products and services. At present, the logistics process of the organization is handled by a company known as Zendor, which provides the basic core services like distribution, warehousing, call centres and retumanagement. However, the integration of the business with the inteet would require the logistic system to be more effective, as the database of the customer would expand which requires the b usiness to respond quickly to its customers requirements (Parazoglou 2006). Resources required for Website maintenance and support: The Website of River Island is basic and does not support the e-commerce transaction. Further, the company is also planning to market its products and services through inteet which requires an effective website that supports the e-commerce transaction. As such it becomes essential for the business to make changes to its existing website, so that the company can expand its operation by approaching larger market area. The changes to the existing website in order to support the e-commerce transaction would require various resources such as a team of technical staff, who looks after the entire design and the development of the website, website project managers to look after the necessary improvements needed in order to protect it from being outdated. In addition to this, sufficient funds would also be required so that the maintenance process can be conducted in a more efficient manner (Montgomery 2009). Implementation Strategy A proper planning is very much essential for integrating the business of River Island with the information technology. A well framed strategy needs to be followed conceing the development of website to its design, so that it would be most effective in attracting the focus of the customers. Further, the strategy should also account for the marketing and promotion strategy together with the management of supply chain activity in order to satisfy the need of the customer in a most efficient manner. A proper planning would ensure what exactly is needed to address in the website so that it would remain effective. It becomes very much essential for the retail chain store to reengineer its logistic activities so as to achieve a successful implementation of the e-commerce. The implementation of all the major tasks required for the development of website should be performed in manner that results into the achievement of overall success. Planning for Website designing: One of the most crucial aspects for the success of a website depends upon the design of the website. It should include everything that a customer expects from a website. In case of River Island, the website should be designed in manner that best addresses the need of its target market that includes both the male and female of ages between 18-35. As the young generation is more conceed about the latest trend in the market, the website of the fashion conscious chain of retail store should be designed in such a manner, so that it provide sufficient scope to its customer to choose from the various offering made by it. In addition to this, the context of the website is another major area to focus. It should be designed in a manner that supports the information in multiple formats. The characteristics of the target audience should also be taken into consideration in the process of website designing. However, one of the most important aspects to be considered is that it should be easily acc essible to users. For a better result, it should have high ratings so that it accounts in the top ten searches made in the web search engines. Overall, the designing of the website should be done in a most effective manner to remain effective (Palmer 2002). E-marketing and Promotion strategy: After the successful designing of the website, it becomes essential to frame an effective marketing and promotion strategy conceing the products and services offered through the website, so that the awareness can be created among the customers. An effective e-marketing strategy would help the company in attracting the interest of the existing as well as the prospective customers. There are various e-marketing and promotion strategies available through which the marketing of a brand through the web is possible in the most effective manner. However, in the development of consumer centric e-marketing strategy, it becomes essential that the consumer should be familiar with the use of ICT (Pires, Stanton and Rita 2006). In order to market its products online, River Island need to have a proper marketing strategy in operation so that the inteet users can be attracted and the sales can be increased. The various marketing strategies include marketing through emails, podcasts, blogs and also through forums. These e-marketing strategies can prove to be useful for River Island to effectively market its products among its target market. As the company is planning to enter into the e-commerce, it becomes essential for the company to target as many customers as possible. This is possible through email marketing as it is an effective tool for marketing large number of customers. Further, the company can also interact with its customers through the blogs and forums. All these marketing strategy would be helpful for the River Island over a short period of time, but in order to market its product and services over a longer period of time, the long term marketing strategies such as article marketing, social networking and social bookmarking would be quite effective (Inteet Marketing Strategy 2010). E-supply Chain Management Strategy: One of the most important factors in the e-commerce is the supply chain management. It helps in the coordination of activities starting from the procurement of raw materials to delivery of finished product to the final consumer. It should be such that overall efficiency can be achieved in the entire business performance of the organization. In case of e-commerce, the expectation of the customers is usually higher with respect to speed of delivery of products and services. As the retail fashion chain store, River Island is planning to use information technology for e-commerce; the importance of supply chain management has further increased. As such, it becomes essential for the organization to integrate its e-commerce with the supply chain management system (Gunasekaran and Ngai 2004). However, as the River Island occupies around 300 high street stores, with most of these situated in the United Kingdom, the decision of the company to integrate its operation with the information techno logy would impose various issues for successfully performing its various functions, especially the supply chain management. As such, the company could decide for outsourcing its supply chain function in order to achieve efficiency. This strategy will help the retail store in effectively fulfilling the expectation of its customer in a most effective manner (Wagner, Fillis and Johansson 2003). Integration with the Existing System: As the existing website of the company is basic and does not support the e-commerce transactions, the priorities conceing the implementation of e-commerce transaction with the existing system is quite high. This is because, the existing system does not require too much of modification for the purpose of enabling the e-commerce transactions. As such the cost that the company needs to incur is also quite low. Thus all the aspects are quite favorable for the company to implement and integrate with the existing system. Protection of Business Security of business has been considered to be one of the major threats from e-commerce. The protection of the domain name, the name of the company, trade marks and intellectual property has been the primary issue in e-commerce transactions. In order to protect the domain name against the unauthorized use, the Inteet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers have issued two documents named as Dispute Resolution Policy and Rules for Uniform Domain Name Disputes Resolution Policy. Further, the intellectual property that represents the skills and knowledge of the employees of the organization is also in danger from the e-commerce transaction (INTERNET LAW - How Can I protect My Companys Domain Name? 2008). Risk from E-business and measures to control: Although e-commerce has lots of advantages in terms of wide access to market and easy reach to customers, there are certain disadvantages as well with such business process. The e-commerce transaction would result into lots of risks to the organization. As the performance of the transaction in the e-commerce depends upon the information technology, the technology failure would become a major risk for the businesses to handle. Further, the increasing activities from the computer hacker are a major threat to the security related aspects of the business. In addition to this, credit cards and payment fraud, mistakes on the part of the employees by way of accidental deletion of some of the important data, risks from viruses, Trojans etc are the other major risk of e-commerce system. The risks in the e-commerce transaction can be controlled by having an effective management system in operation. The activities that would result into security threats can be controlled by having certain policies in place. By having effective policies, it would be quite clear to the employees as to what is expected of them. This will help in reducing the mistakes from them. Certain standards should also need to be followed regarding the procurement of PCs and also the firewalls should be properly installed in to protect from the hackers and viruses. Technical controls, standards, policies and procedures can be developed and reviewed in a fully functional information security management system (Managing risk in e-commerce 2010). Future Development in E-Business Mobile technology and impact of XTML on E-business: There are ample of scope for the future development in the E-business. The advent of mobile technology has a potential impact on the mobile commerce. It becomes possible for the users to make purchase and also to make payment with their mobile phones, provided it is supported by inteet. In simple words, m-commerce enables the users to exchange data, products and services via the mobile phones (Mariga 2003). The impact of XTML language is also huge in e-business as it allows the service providers to be first in the market with respect to their service. Thus it enhances the speed of the transaction which allows the service provider to effectively respond to the market requirements (Grigonis 2000). Impact of supply chain integration and e-business on inteational competencies: The integration of supply chain using the inteet is quite effective for the businesses to address the need of the customers in a most effective manner. It enhances the speed of information between the members of the supply chain which ultimately results into the speediness in the transfer of physical articles between them. The inteational competency of the business organization also improves because of e-commerce, as it enables them to have an access to the inteational customers. Thus they get a chance to serve the needs of inteational customer which results into the increased sales and ultimately the profit (Inteationalization of E-Commerce). Conclusion and Recommendation A brief discussion on the implementation of E-commerce at River Island provides a brief idea about the various opportunities and the issues available to the organization. The opportunities are in terms of wide access to the market that allows the company to serve even the inteational customers, but at the same time there are certain threats from the e-commerce to the organization. These threats are in terms of technological failure, risk from hackers etc. However, these risks can be controllable by having certain policies and standards in operation. Overall, the integration of the companys business with the information technology is quite effective for the company to achieve high growth. It has been highly recommended to the River Island to implement such information technology as it will enable the organization to achieve high growth in terms of increased customer database. Further, the company has basic website, although it does not support the e-commerce transaction, but the company need not have to incur huge costs for enabling the e-commerce transaction facility into its existing processes. As such, it would be a profitable deal for the company to integrate its business process with the information technology.

Business Binding Contract Essential Elements

Question: Describe about the Business Binding Contract for Essential Elements. Answer: Introduction It is apt to commence with the prominent position that for a contract to be valid and enforceable there are essential elements that include offer, acceptance, consideration and an intention to be legally bound, that must be present. Offer, Acceptance, Consideration Issue From the onset Heavy made an offer to Traynor that he would want to loose 10kilos and she would like that Traynor assist him. We are also expected to determine if Traynor made a valid acceptance by responding that he was okay with performing three sessions a week. In addition, it is noted that there were payments that were agreed on between the two and it is to be deduced of there is a valid consideration. Law The rule that governs an offer can be understood from defining an offer first. It is an expression of willingness to enter into a legally binding contract.[1] It was affirmed in Storer v Manchester City Council[2] that the offer must be one that is certain and free from any ambiguities and is capable of acceptance. Acceptance of an offer, on the other hand will only be effective it is communicated to the Offeror or where the Oferee makes an objective inference that makes the offeror believe that an acceptance was made.[3] It is paramount to note that for a contract to be formed there must be a consideration which is a profit, benefit or loss that one party to the contract enjoys.[4] It has been held in Chappell v Nestl[5] that the consideration must be sufficient and one that was made based on the free will of the contracting parties. Application It can thus be stated that Heavy made an offer that is acceptable in law and one that was clear free from any ambiguities and therefore the offer was capable of being accepted. Traynor properly communicated the acceptance to Heavy by leaving the voice mail message which Hevvy was able to retrieve. It is also submitted that Traynor and Heavy agreed on a consideration of $30 per session which was based on the free will of both parties Intention to be Legally Bound Issue The fundamental question here is whether an intention to be legally bound existed between Hevvy and Traynor which is one of major concern in determining the enforceability of the contract. Law It is apparent that the nature of the relationship between Hevvy and Traynor is one of a commercial nature. For commercial relationships, it is normally presumed that the parties had an intention to create a legal relationship.[6] However, it has been held that an objective test should be conducted to determine if a reasonable person would infer that an intention to be legally bound existed between the parties.[7] Suffice to say the contracts of a commercial nature must always be in writing. Application It can thus be stated that the agreement between Hevvy and Traynor was a casual agreement and therefore it can be inferred that they did not intend that the agreement be legally binding. The agreement between Hevvy and Traynor was one that was agreed upon over the phone. In the Law of contract for a contract to be binding it has been held that it must be in writing. It can thus be agued that the contract was not binding because there was no written argument which would have displayed the intention to be legally bound. Conclusion It can be concluded that even if it is evidenced that an offer, acceptance and consideration were validly made, where there is no intention to be legally bound the agreement cannot be enforceable. The contract did not also meet the requirement of writing. Defenses Issue As has been noted in the facts of the case, Traynor has claimed that because of the construction work that is going on in his route to their meeting place it will be more expensive for him to come and assist Hevvy lose weight. Law The law applicable here is that one of frustration of contracts. Where due to the occurrence an event or any thing else the contract cannot be performed because of commercial or physical reasons it is said to be frustrated.[8] Frustration has the effect of discharging the contract. It has been held that the frustration that the frustration must occur without the fault of either party.[9] Application Traynor can thus defend himself by the use of the doctrine of frustration since the construction that was being done along his route was not a consequence of his fault. Further, the construction has since made it commercially impossible for Traynor to meet his obligations to Hevvy. (b). Remedies If the contract was enforceable the following remedies could be sought by Hevvy. Specific Performance It is advised that Hevvy could seek the equitable remedy of specific performance so as to compel Traynor to perform the contract as they had earlier agreed. This remedy is used by the courts where the defendant cannot adequately compensate the plaintiff.[10] Damages It should be borne in mind that damages may be awarded for the loss for future prospect.[11] In this case Hevvy is disappointed since he had begun losing some kilos and Traynor breached the agreement before even she reached her expected target. He will therefore be awarded damages for loss of expectation. (b). Mortgages over real property This is an interest in a real property that secures the payment of a debt. The buyer of the real property in this case passes an interest on the real property such as land, to a facility such as a bank to secure the payment of a debt which was money that was advanced to the buyer to acquire the property. It is vital that the mortgages should be registered with the registrar of titles in the respective state. In Australia, mortgages are governed by the Property law Act which gives the Mortgagee the power of sale and dispose of the property incase of default in paying the debt.[12] The legislations that govern mortgages however vary from state to state. In New South Wales for instance, mortgages are governed by the Real Property Act which negates the requirement of a notice when the mortgagee want to take possession of the property after default by the mortgagor.[13] Security Interests This is an interest in personal property or any other assets that is made by an agreement to secure the performance of an obligation which in most instances is the payment of a debt.[14] Security interest in Australia is governed by Personal Property Securities Act 2009. The Act creates a register referred to Personal Property Security Register that a secured party enters details of the perfect the security in register. Collateral It is the personal property to which a security has attached and is sometimes referred as the personal property that has been described in the Personal Property Security Register. The law that guides the enforcements of collaterals in Australia is the Financial System Legislation Amendment (Resilience and Collateral Protection) Act 2016 which was recently brought to force. Additionally, the government has formulated the Financial System Legislation Amendment (Resilience and Collateral Protection) Regulation 2016 which also regulates the enforcement of Collaterals. The Mirror Principle The idea inherent in the mirror principle is that the registration of a land title that is due must reflect all the fundamental details and facts of the land to be registered that the purchaser must know before the purchaser buys the land. The land that is the subject of the transaction must have been registered under the Real Property Act 1886 (South Australia). The Mirror principle is predicated on Torrens system of land registration which the registrar ensures that the owner of the title receives a clean tile to the land. This had the effect of curing the deficiencies of the deed registration system. Grantee A grantee has been in the Land Titles Act 1925 (the Act) referred to as a person whom a document of title such as a transfer or a conveyance is made to. This implies that he is the person who the title of the interest in land is being transferred to. In most instances when a buyer is purchasing land he will be referred to as the grantee because the title in the land is being passed to him through the transfer or conveyance. The grantee is normally bound to accept the title where it is a clean title. Bibliography Books Beale Hugh, Chitty on Contracts, (Sweet Maxwell Ltd 2004) Cases Australian Woollen Mills Pty. Ltd. v. The Commonwealth [1954] 92 CLR 424] Chappell v Nestl[1960] AC 87 Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153 Day Morris Associates v Voyce [2003] All ER (D) 368 Davis Contractors v Fareham UDC [1956] AC 696 Dunk v George Waller [1970] 2 QB 163 Edmonds v Lawson [2000] EWCA Civ 69 Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Commissioners of Customs and Excise [1975] UKHL 4 Storer v Manchester City Council [1974] 3 All ER 824 Cohen v Roche [1927] 1 KB 169 Legislations Personal Property Securities Act 2009 Property Law Act 1974 Real Property Act 1900 (NSW)